Health Care Policy Background Essay - 922 Words

Social Factors The health care needs of our society are growing. With the new health care reform changes, more people will be covered by health insurance and more preventative care will be offered to people. Our nation deserves safe and effective care, much of which will be delivered by APRNs. APRNs, have an obligation to the people they serve, to set a standard for licensure, define our role, and standardize our title. Having these facets defined nationally helps other health care professionals to understand and respect the role of the APRN. As APRNs work in direct patient care, having a national standard for licensure recognized by each state would facilitate care across state lines, thereby improving access to health care for†¦show more content†¦216). How could advanced practice nurses move into the state for temporary assignment to help if it was so difficult to move within the state? A means of licensure that exists across state borders would facilitate this rapid response in a time when the citizens are in need of extra care in one area. Economic Factors Through funding from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, $15 million has been set aside to found new NP-led clinics, to fund education for NPs, and to provide treatment for medically underserved communities, (HealthReform.gov, 2010). Standard requirements for licensure would make it easier for APRNs to move, practice, and serve these areas. A greater number of health care providers will be necessary as our country takes on the responsibility, through the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, to cover all of our citizens with a focus on primary care and preventative services and to facilitate movement to remote areas that are underserved for short term coverage. Find $ related to health care reform that lets APRNs go to underserved populations after schooling. This would make it easier for APRNs to take the initiative to move to these areas for short or long term stays. Political and Legal Factors To work as a registered nurse (RN) in any state, a national exam must be successfully completed, affording the opportunity to become licensed as an RN. To be titled as an APRN, many states are now requiring that candidates pass aShow MoreRelatedPatient Centered Primary Care Collaborative Stakeholders1418 Words   |  6 Pages PATIENT-CENTERED PRIMARY CARE COLLABORATIVE STAKEHOLDERS By: Tracey Pinkney â€Æ' â€Å"In a randomized controlled study, we found that Palliative Advanced Home Care and Heart Failure Care (PREFER) increased quality of life in patients with CHF, reduced the number of hospitalizations, and reduced the number of days of hospitalization.† [1] In today’s healthcare system there is an increase in the concern of the quality of life and how can health services be delivered to the home at a reasonable costRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act: Obamacare1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act, often referred to as the ObamaCare was signed into law on March 23, 2010. It has created a lot of controversy since its debut. The Healthcare reform will affect all Americans. The issue has many Americans believing it is a great thing for our country while others believe it is a terrible idea and then of course there are those who don’t know what to think. By Jan 1, 2014 Americans will be required to purchase a health care policy or will have to pay a penal ty. Ready or notRead MoreFeasibility of the National Health Insurance in South Africa680 Words   |  3 Pagessociety; South Africa’s health care has been left with a major gap, in quality and accessibility, between the wealthy and the impoverished, in the country. With the wealthier minority having access to the private sector of medicine, a sector with a higher and better level of health care, and the poverty-stricken majority having limited access to only the public sector, the sector funded by the government. Therefore the current South African government, the ANC, has proposed a policy called the NHI; thatRead MoreHome Care Services : A Vital Resource For Elderly And Disabled Persons1020 Words   |  5 PagesIn home care services are a vital resource for elderly and disabled persons in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reports there are 12,400 home health agencies serving 4.9 million patients annually. Of these agencies, 80% are run by for-profit organizations, 15% by NPOs, and 5% by government. (Harris-Kojetin L, Sengupta M, Park-Lee E, et al, 2016). While the benefits of in home care are substantial, minimal regulations on the industry have resulted in an often highRead Morehealth850 Words   |  4 PagesScenario: ABC Care Home is situated in London and caters to care needs of vulnerable people. The service users come from diverse ethnic and religious background and have varied physical and medical needs. (You may choose the category of service users you work with). Assuming you are a care worker working in this Care Home providing care services to the service users:1.1 Explain how principles of support are applied to ensure that individuals are cared for in health and social care practice 1.2 OutlineRead MoreSbar1668 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Verbal and nonverbal communications are essential components of nursing care. It is critical for patient care providers to ensure an accurate portrayal of the patient. The situation background assessment recommendation (SBAR) protocol is a technique that provides a structure for communication between patient care providers. SBAR was a tool designed to promote efficient care that ensures patient safety. SBAR: Improving Communication Between Healthcare Providers Missed or ineffectiveRead MoreThe Strategic Management Of Health Systems And Services For Population Health Gain Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pages Investigating the Strategic Management of Health Systems and Services for Population Health gain in United States Qinran Liu Washington University in St. Louis Statement of the Problem Population health in the U.S has recently improved, as strategic management in health system develops. The United States has overtime experienced changes in the health system and services as the population increases and demand for healthcare. The regional balancing in rural and urban healthcare developmentRead MoreAdverse Drug Reaction1305 Words   |  6 Pageshave been prevented if there were more test in a health care system that could have saved millions of patient’s lives? What if the allergic reaction could easily have avoided if there were a procedure and policy taken place in the health care system? By a mislabeling test specimen which includes a system that should have been added as a policy has failed at a high rate of patients that to this day there are working on making it an existing policy. That type of mislabeling test specimen that Im talkingRead MoreAcademic Statement Of Purpose Of The University s Health Services Organization And Policy972 Words   |  4 Pa gesAcademic Statement of Purpose Our department’s Health Services Organization and Policy (H.S.O.P.) Ph.D. Program looms large in my mind because I want a career in the research of operations research and decision science. Throughout my work and studies, I realized that we no longer live in a world where we can ignore the costs of treatment. I believe health economic evaluation and comparative effectiveness research can be the key to solving these problems. Obtaining my Ph.D. degree would a transformativeRead MoreCareer Objectives And How Will Masters852 Words   |  4 Pagesassume leadership role in the use of evidence based research in healthy public policy and contribute to population health. Nursing is a field that keeps unfolding and requires updated knowledge to provide quality care, meet the professional requirements and challenges. Hence, long life learning would increase my professional values and competencies required to deliver quality care to diverse population. As a Public Health Nurse, by purs ing Masters in Nursing, I will be able to build on my capacity

Great Expectations Wealth as an Agent of Isolation

Great Expectations: Wealth as an Agent of Isolation In Charles Dickens novel, Great Expectations, Dickens conveys the idea that wealth leads to isolation. The novel begins when Pip, a young orphan, encounters an escaped convict in a cemetery. Despite Pips efforts to help this terrifying personage, the convict is still captured and transported to Australia. Pip is then introduced into the wealthy yet decaying home of Miss Havisham where he meets Estella, a little girl who takes pleasure in tormenting Pip about his rough hands and future as a blacksmith. As Pip continues to visit Miss Havishams house, he becomes more and more dissatisfied with his guardian, Joe, a hard working blacksmith, and his childhood friend Biddy. Several†¦show more content†¦For this same reason, Miss Havisham breeds Estella to be callous towards all emotions of love. She has taught Estella to play with mens minds and has trained her so that men would gravitate towards her like insects to candle light (572). In this case, Miss Havishams wealth has not only inflicted pain and loneliness upon herself, but also upon Pip and Estella as well. Dickens uses Joes character to contrast the main current of action and false values. In himself, and his very presence, Joe seems to chase away the feelings of emptiness and gloom. Immediately, he rejects the principles of the importance of property, proper speech and manners. From the very beginning, Joe has the wisdom that Pip suffers to obtain, and Joe is able to live in domestic tranquility and to experience the love and company of others. Joe is naturally forgiving, generous, and virtuous. All these qualities will enable him to love and be loved by others. He is a gentle Christian man who has never experienced monetary wealth, but who all his life experiences the wealth of honest companionship of others, and Whatsumeer the failings on his part, remember reader he were that good in his heart(154). Dickens use of setting in the novel illustrates that money is the root of isolation. Pips visit to Walworth and Wemmicks double life points out how Pip has divided his own life b etween the hardness of LondonShow MoreRelatedEssay Analysis of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens5944 Words   |  24 PagesAnalysis of Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, the revolutionary 19th century novelist, wrote a bildungsroman of Phillip Pirrip (Pip) and the reality of his own â€Å"Great Expectations† in his pursuit to become a gentleman. In Chapter 8, the reader is introduced to Miss Havisham and Estella and this is where Pip first becomes dissatisfied with the life at the forge. There were many writers in Dickens’ day whose works are no longer read; this is possibly because DickensRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The 21st Century Society2088 Words   |  9 PagesIt is still extremely unclear the pin point cause of narcissism, however there is strong evidence to suggest that today’s emerging adults hold personality traits associated with NPD (Narcissistic Personality Disorder) i.e. over confidence, high expectations, egotistical preoccupation. However, these qualities could be seen as psychological ‘resources’ during a stage in life that is generally regarded as challenging by most. Common traits corresponding with those who suffer from narcissism are theRead MoreLean Manufacturing : An Overview3114 Words   |  13 PagesModern manufacturing started in 1911 when Frederick Taylor published his theory Scientific Management. Scientific management has perfected the idea of pin factory which was included within the work of Adam Smith. In 1776 Adam Smith published â€Å"the Wealth of Nations†. The theme of (pin factory) was to divide and associate labors with a specific production activity. Furthermore, Smith has mentioned that individuals act and contribute within the production process based on self-interests. The principlesRead MoreAdvertising And Gender: male Vs Female3144 Words   |  13 Pagesto cultural ideals and stereotypes of masculinity and femininity and, at the structural level, to the sexual division of labour in institutions and organisations (Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences). The definition of gender encompasses a great deal. Temperament, abilities and skills, activities and behaviours, ideal types and accepted and unacceptable deviations from the ideal, sensuality and culture based essence of what it means to be male or female, are all part of the gender constructsRead MoreDeutsche Bank Summer Internship Report8801 Words   |  36 PagesSUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT Company name: Deutsche Bank Title of the report: Private Banking and Wealth Management Area of Research: Marketing Internship start and finish dates: 5th March 2012 – 30th April 2012 NAME Akarshak Tanwar Batch IIPM PGP-B : SS (11-13) SECTION SA-2 ID No. D1113SSIIPMPGPB10024 (JAI-8-CT-1187) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I, Akarshak Tanwar, would like to express my thanks and gratitude to the organization Deutsche Bank for giving me this opportunity forRead MoreHrm Tesco16710 Words   |  67 Pagesof Motivation factors and how well practically those factors provide the benefit to the organization. the discussion goes on to the topics such as corporate social responsibility and ethics, organization’s environment, strategies and challenges, agent of change, competitive advantage, demographic changes and global changes and the HR policies and the factors of company’s success. Chapter Three Methodology This chapter provide information about the selected methods of data collection. The methodsRead MoreFrom the Efficient Market Hypothesis to Behavioral Finance: How Investors Psychology Changes the Vision of Financial Markets5745 Words   |  23 Pagesresponse to a growing number of puzzles, a new approach to financial markets has emerged – behavioral finance. It focuses on investors’ behavior and the decision making process. In the contrary to the classical paradigm, behavioral finance assumes that agents may be irrational in their reactions to new information and make wrong in investment decisions. As a result, markets will not always be efficient and asset pricing may deviate from predictions of traditional market models. Electronic copy availableRead MoreThe Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility7407 Words   |  30 Pagesshall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?† (Bible) or â€Å"Let those who hoard the wealth which God has bestowed on them out of his bounty never think it good for them: it is nothing but evil† (Qur’an), in order to ground there at the time mainly moral arguments against a restricted approach towards the scope of liability of companies. This at the time was widely opposed by proponents of corporate isolation as a highly irrelevant research topic that went in no parallel or connection with the ideaRead MoreEthics- Is Polygamy Ethical? Essay5191 Words   |  21 Pagesnearly all Native American societies engaged in polygamy. From the Native American standpoint, polygamy was seen as a benefit for both the husband and wife. For men, the larger household meant more children and more relatives which was associated with wealth and status in the community. F or women, it meant that they could maintain co-residence with their sisters as co-wives and they could receive help with childcare and other household chores. It also meant they would have a better chance of having theirRead MorePolicy Change Management And Its Effects On The Environment8374 Words   |  34 Pageshelps provide an opportunity to anticipate and tackle likely problems that may negatively impact on the policy at any stage (Andersen Rasmussen 2014). Miles et al. (2006) stressed the use of evaluation as a tool for policy-makers to manage their expectations and to create knowledge and learning that may be helpful at all time. The importance of evaluation knowledge has long been studied in literature (Locatis et al. 1980 cited by Teirlinck, Delanghe, Padilla Verbeek 2012) and have also been discussed

Reversal Of An Impairment Loss For Goodwill-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Reversal Of An Impairment Loss For Goodwill? Answer: Introducation Testing the goodwill for impairment that is acquired under the business combination shall be allocated to 1 or more than 1 of the CGU of acquirer that is forecasted to provide synergies for the business combination irrespective of the fact that whether the other liabilities and assets of acquirer are allocated to CGU or particular asset. There is depreciation of intangible assets with passes of time and hence in the financial statement these assets are valued in terms of depreciation cost or after revaluation of such items. There are times when computed carrying amount for non-current assets does not equalize with the amount that are recoverable. As per AASB 136-Imapairment of assets, carrying amount of assets should not exceed its recovery amount. AASB 136-impairment defines recoverable amount as higher fair value of an asset after deducting its disposal cost or net selling price and considers its used value (Rennekamp, Rupar and Seybert 2014). The value obtain after deducting disposal cost is called fair value of the asset as per revision of AASB 136 asset impairment on 31St March, 2004. Next, a brief discussion is made on Recoverable amount, Value in use and Fair value. Recoverable accounting is defined as higher of fair value of an asset or value in use. In determination of impairment of assets, the idea of recoverable amount is used. The recoverable amount is computed in the following way- Recoverable amount gives the value in use. Fair value: The selling price of an asset in the market Cost of Disposal: incremental expenses attributing to disposal of an asset and its sale In case where company belief its asset value is impaired, it should estimate recoverable amount of fixed asset. The recoverable amount equals to its value in use for cases where fair value of an asset less than the disposal cost. The fixed assets recoverable amount equal to far value less disposal cost when company willing to sell assets. If the asset is not impaired then recoverable amount is not necessary to compute. It is the situation where recoverable amount (FV less cost of disposal) less than the carrying amount of the asset. Value in use refers to net present value (NPV) of a cash flow. Companies derived the value in use to calculate recoverable amount and hence, compute the los impaired with the asset (Michalski 2014). Future cash flow is calculated from the asset use (Robinson and Sensoy 2016). Other possible components of assets should also be considered while computing cash flow. Discount rate: It is an important component of asset value. The average capital cost of a company is calculated considering the time value of money. The rate of time value is called the discount rate. Other: Apart from discount rate, another important factor is liquidity. It is the ability of selling an asset and hence, convertibility to liquid cash. here are some supportive assumptions regarding the projection of cash flow like forecasting, budgets planning. Companies generally make a five year budget forecast and made long run projections (Hull and White 2014). Discount rate that is used in determining the present value of the assets should be one of the followings. The incremental cost of borrowing Weighted average of companys capital cost. Or other existing market borrowing rate It should be noted that, Value in use is generally lower than fair market value because of using a conservative approach. It is the selling price of an asset in the market. Fair value is the price on which both parties of transaction buyers and sellers are agreed upon without any force (Christensen and Nikolaev 2013). The selling price of a asset can easily be derived from the market. The simplest way for doing this is to compare prices of identical assets transaction in the market. The method of computing fair value of an asset is described below First task is to observe the product and its special characteristic. Conduct a study on the assets history and age of it. Four or five items should be found to proceed with the evaluation. The similar product should have some identical characteristic in terms of age, history or physical condition. The next step is to calculate the average price of the chosen similar product by using standard averaging rule. This will give an idea of the market of the chosen items. To crosscheck the derived market price, one should take the chosen sample items to the specialist in order to confirm market value (Johnson 2014). Company calculates its disposal cost of asset whenever the asset value is impaired as suggested in the standard principal of asset impairment- AASB 136 asset impairment. The company put off this liability only when it fails to determine the fair market value of the asset (Corgnati et al. 2013). The important fact that is required to be noted with regard to goodwill is that it is now prohibited for amortization. As per the IFRS 3, the goodwill is only available for analysis of impairment loss annually and amortization as well as systematic decrease now is not allowed for goodwill. For any assets that is recognized for impairment is available for reversal of impairment if the circumstances is improved or reversed. However, such reversal option under the financial statement is not available for goodwill. AASB 136 further prohibits that the reversal of goodwill with regard to the impairment loss that is recognized in earlier period will not be allowed. Further, as per AASB 136 earlier the goodwill were allowed to reverse under particular circumstances, however, that option is not available now for any organization. The reason behind that is AASB 138 on Intangible asset does not allow reversal of the internally generated goodwill. The increase, if any is there for the goodwills recoverable amount after recognition of impairment loss for that. It is likely to generate from the enhancement of goodwill that is internally generated instead of reversing the acquired goodwill. Calculation of Impairment Loss: Particulars Amount Fair Value,less, Cost to Sell $645,528 Value in Use $894,000 Recoverable Amount $894,000 (Higher of Fair Value Value in use) Less: Carrying Amount of CGU $999,000 Total Impairment Gain/(Loss) ($105,000) Allocation of Specified Impairment Loss: Particulars Carrying Amount Total Impairment Loss Less: Plant 671000 Goodwill $35,000 Balance Impairment Loss Impairment Loss Allocation as per Weightage: Particulars Carrying Amount Balance Impairment Loss Equipment $154,000 Fittings $97,000 Inventory $42,000 Total $293,000 In the books of Gali Ltd. Journal Entries Date Particulars 30/06/2017 Impairment Loss A/c. (Being assets under the specific cash generating unit impaired) Profit Loss A/c. (Being impairment loss transferred to P/L A/c.) References Christensen, H.B. and Nikolaev, V.V., 2013. Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test?.Review of Accounting Studies,18(3), pp.734-775. Corgnati, S.P., Fabrizio, E., Filippi, M. and Monetti, V., 2013. Reference buildings for cost optimal analysis: Method of definition and application.Applied energy,102, pp.983-993. Hull, J. and White, A., 2014. Valuing derivatives: Funding value adjustments and fair value.Financial Analysts Journal,70(3), pp.46-56. Johnson, P.F., 2014.Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Michalski, G., 2014. Factoring and the firm value. Rennekamp, K., Rupar, K.K. and Seybert, N., 2014. Impaired judgment: The effects of asset impairment reversibility and cognitive dissonance on future investment.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.739-759. Robinson, D.T. and Sensoy, B.A., 2016. Cyclicality, performance measurement, and cash flow liquidity in private equity.Journal of Financial Economics,122(3), pp.521-543. Singleton-Green, B., 2014. Should financial reporting reflect firms business models? What accounting can learn from the economic theory of the firm.Journal of Management Governance,18(3), pp.697-706.

Social Media Abstainance free essay sample

When I was in the seventh grade, there was nothing I wanted more than a Facebook page.Investing my time in social media seemed the perfect way to relate to my classmates and to let them know me. On an Internet site, I would be able to pick and choose the parts of me that people see, so that only my wittiest comments, and most exotic, picturesque vacations were visible to this online utopian society. What I didn’t understand at the time, was that I wasn’t alone in approaching social media in this fashion. On Facebook, I only saw the most impressive parts of others lives. Pictures showed one girl in my grade vacationing in Italy, after she went on to state and regional spelling bees. What a wonderful success she must have been, how incandescently happy those experiences must have made her. Supposedly their profiles told me all about who she was: a happy seventh grade girl. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Abstainance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Growing jealous of her Facebook profile, I sought to match her achievements to elicit the same reaction from the online community. What Facebook did not show, was that in reality, her nails were bitten to a quick, and she was an overwhelmed anxious student. As time wore on, she continued to post pictures of all the â€Å"good times† she had, and the cute new boyfriend. My envy grew at the thought of her popularity-at the illusion of peace of mind. By all appearances, she was thriving. My jealousy was for naught. Freshman year, despite her successful appearance, she attempted to take her own life. Facebook doesn’t show someone’s vulnerabilities or inadequacies. It creates this artificial community where people are happy, healthy and successful. The whole social media system reeks of mendacity. Unfortunately for those living online, this makes building true lasting friendships difficult. If the only parts of us we let people see are the good things, then friends won’t know who you are when you are hurting. When my Dad had a heart attack scare several months ago, I thought that I could handle everything myself. I took charge of driving my sisters around town, lending alistening ear to my mother, and picking up household responsibilities, but there was no sense of peace in trying to make a martyr of myself. Only when I revealed my hardships to my friends and invested in an authentic community could they come around me and support me through that experience. There is no benefit to hiding myself behind an intentionally false reputation for being a happy, healt hy teenage girl. Strengthening friendships and building a strong community only comes through authenticity. Social media doesn’t strengthen community, it only creates an illusion of deeper relationships. True depth can only be achieved through honest, personal interaction. For this reason, I completely abstain from social media. Most people don’t notice that I don’t exist in that dimension. Living my life in an authentic community is a significant part of my personal growth and is more valuable than keeping up my Facebook reputation.

Marijuana Essays - Herbalism, Medicinal Plants, Cannabis

Marijuana Throughout history marijuana has been used to serve various purposes in many different cultures. The purposes have changed over time to fit in with the current lifestyles. This pattern is also true in American history. The use of marijuana has adapted to the social climate of the time. Marijuana, whose scientific name is cannibis sativa, was mentioned in historical manuscripts as early as 2700 B. C. in China. (Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, 1995). The cultivation of the marijuana plant began as far back as the Jamestown settlers, around 1611, who used hemp produced from the marijuana plant's fibers to make rope and canvas. It was also used in making clothing because of it's durability. These uses fit in with the social climate of the time, because the main focus was on survival rather than for psychoactive purposes. During the prohibition, marijuana was widely used because of the scarcity of alcohol. Prohibition was repealed after just thirteen years while the prohibition against marijuana lasted for more than seventy five years. This double standard may have resulted from the wishes of those in power. Alcohol prohibition struck directly at tens of millions of Americans of all ages, including many of societies most powerful members. Marijuana prohibition threatened far fewer Americans, and they had relatively little influence in the districts of power. Only the prohibition of marijuana, which some sixty million Americans have violated since 1965 has come close to approximating the prohibition experience, but marijuana smokers consist mostly of young and relatively powerless Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). Alcohol prohibition was repealed and marijuana prohibition was retained, not because scientists had proved that alcohol was the less dangerous of the various psychoactive drugs, but becau se of the prejudices and preferences of most Americans (American Heritage, pg 47). In 1937 the government issued the Marijuana Tax Act, which levied a dollar an ounce tax on marijuana, coupled with fines of $2,000 for drug posession and jail sentences for evasion of the tax. For this reason marijuana use in the United States appears to have gone into decline in the late 30's (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Then marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as a repressive measure against Mexican workers who crossed the border seekingjobs during the Depression. The specific reason given for the outlawing of the hemp plant was it's supposed violent "effect on the degenerate races" (Schaffer, pg. 86). Beginning in the 60's marijuana use saw a resurgence which may be attributed to many causes. One of the main causes was the rebellion of youth against the Vietnam War. They used marijuana as an escape from war to peace. It was easy at this time to depict marijuana as a beneficial and completely harmless substance whose effects were far less harmful than those of legal drugs such as alcohol and nicotine because there was not enough scientific research done during the 60's (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg 54). Another cause may have been the discovery of the psychoactive component of marijuana- tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC. Users found the relation between the doses and the effects (Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995). The current atmosphere provides for doctors to suggest synthetic marijuana (THC) in a pure and standardized form by perscription (called Marinol) for the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. Also, although there is no scientific evidence that shows marijuana is beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma, it may prevent the progression of visual loss. Marijuana, along with alcohol and a host of other substances, can actually lower intraocular eye pressure. The mediction however, must be carefully tailored to the individual to prevent further eye damage. The evidence has clearly shown that marijuana has been around for a great deal of time and has served multiple purposes throughout history. Sources Grolier Electronic Encylopedia, Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1995 Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, Drugs, Society & Behavior. Vol. 3, 1992. Ethan A. Nadelmann, American Heritage Magazine, Feb-Mar, 1993. Medical Marijuana, http://www.lec.org/Drug_Watch/ Public/Documents/Med_Marijuana_Paper.htm, 1995 .

Global Warming in California Professor Ramos Blog

Global Warming in California Many people seem to not pay enough attention to global warming. Our climate has changed so much over that past few years in record breaking ways. The weather is getting hotter and hotter by each passing year. Yet, no one seems to care or pay attention to why this is happening. California is one of the most populated states in the world. We are heavy contributors to this epidemic. Wildfires and hurricanes are beginning to get worse due to the horrible weather conditions we live in on a day to day basis. Living life forms on land are also not the only ones effected by global warming, our fellow sea creature suffers from rising sea levels and climate change in the ocean. This is a very serious issue that I hope after reading this, you’ll pay more attention to our climate change and other natural changes that are due to our atmosphere. One main thing to keep in mind when you think about global warming is the rise of temperature within our decade. Since there’s been more toxic gases released in the air due to our own evolution of industries, we have had our climate been the hottest it’s been in recorded history. â€Å"Over the past 50 years, the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history† (MacMillan NRDC). The scary part about this fact is that it’s only getting hotter. Our summers are breaking the record of the previous summer year by year and it’s something we really need to try and deal with. The main cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect which MacMillan breaks down very simply in her article making it simple for those who don’t believe global warming is â€Å"real†. Greenhouse gases is something that is man-made and being that we live in California, we create an abundance of greenhouse gases. The populated Californi a becomes, the hotter and horrible our climate becomes year after year. One of our natural cause disaster that happens very often in California are the wildfires. The number of wildfires California has a year is very alarming. On average, more than 100,000 wildfires a year in just California alone according to Cal Fire experts. These fires are not only destroying our land, they’re destroying our homes. â€Å"Much of the western United states is extremely dry, and there are many reports of temperatures and forest fires that have broken records. The number of buildings destroyed – nearly 1,000 in a recent count – is staggering† (Moritz 273). Our climate change that we brought upon ourselves is something that’s adding fuel to these forest fires that are potentially destroying homes and agriculture. Its freighting to think that even our own weather can destroy families and homes we worked so hard to build and maintain. We are also creating a problem in our sea life the more global warming gets worse, especially here in populated California. The more and more we contribute to this climate change the more ice caps will melt. Once a significate amount of polar ice caps melts, the rise in our sea levels will begin to happen. This can be a major threat to the costal living area all throughout California. â€Å"Even if world manages to limit global warming to 2 degrees C – the target number for current climate negotiations – sea levels may still rise at least 6 meters (20 feet) above their current heights, radically reshaping the world’s coastline and affecting millions in the process† (Kahn). Our coastal cities that we love to visit will be completely under water. Many live and homes will be gone and we will ultimately face an epidemic in the future that we may not have any control over. â€Å"By 2050, 26 major U.S. cities will face an â€Å"emerging flooding crisis† (Kahan). That number is not far away from as of now. Who knows what cities will be emerged in water by the time 2050 starts slowing coming our way. This is from global warming, this is a man-made condition that the majority of us ignore or don’t believe to be something that’s real. The more we disregard this epic crisis that’ll sooner or later cause us great problems, the faster the effects will come to us. Now, there are some of us that are trying to make a change to this crisis. We are coming up with better transportation solutions that’ll be eco-friendlier towards our atmosphere. More electric power vehicles and solar panels to replace a lot of our technology that causes damage to our atmosphere. Apart of our technology, we have urban forest organizations that plant urban trees to help reduce the amount of green-house gases from emerging into the atmosphere. Many donation organizations that go around and help area of the planet that need agriculture assistance. Planting trees and other greens in dry, high fire risk areas is one great way to help. You can also make changes yourself by getting an eco-friendly vehicle or reduce your drive time by car-pooling. Global warming is something we obviously need to pay more attention too, but there are still good people out there that are trying to make the changes that most of us aren’t doing. Make sure you turn off any electroni cs that you aren’t using, buy energy efficient household products, use less hot water, plant a tree, and always recycle materials that you would normally throw away. I chose this topic to write about because, there are many of us out there that go outside and do fun activities and enjoy the outdoors. Having these harsh climates year by year will decrease the fun time you have when you go outside. I want everyone to be aware that by you making a simple decision like leaving your light on or driving constantly when it’s not necessary can take away the cool refreshing days and leave us inside and living in a world that is constantly hot and unimaginable for us and our loved ones.

Blue tooth technology, standard and application Assignment

Blue tooth technology, standard and application - Assignment Example A number of means of connection were introduced. Getting connected to the internet via a computing device meant you could get connected to each and every other person who was connected to the internet round the world. Bluetooth was just one of the many means by which connections could get established. Bluetooth may simply be stated as a means of establishing connectivity between two or more computing devices without the need of physical connectors. Signals are transmitted via air waves in Bluetooth. It is an open protocol that established connectivity over short distances. The process involves the agreement of both the connecting devices upon a series of terms that would be followed when data would be transferred between them. These may involve the number of packets being transferred and also the size of the packets as well as the duration for which the transfer would be enabled. The technology, named after a 1000 year old king of Denmark, is one of its kinds (Mitchell, 2012). The devices get connected at usually lesser than 1Mbps over short distances around 30 feet in length at most. He united and controlled Denmark and Norway, hence the association of uniting devices through Bluetooth. Legend has it that he liked eating blueberries - so much that his teeth became stained with the colour of the fruit, giving rise to his name!† (Stucken, 2010) The topology supported by the connecting network is termed as the PAN or the Piconet. In this network minimum two and at most eight devices can get connected to each other at a given particular time. The protocols that are part of the Bluetooth specifications assist in the connectivity of the devices. â€Å"Using a special radio frequency to transmit data, it creates a short range network. It is very secure and can connect up to eight devices (items of electronic equipment) at the same time. The chip can be plugged into items such as

Consumer Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer Psychology - Essay Example The main purpose of the survey was to observe the impact of its advertisements on the people so that the organization could identify the target market and at the same time inject fresh ideas into its advertising strategy. The positive information that has come out of this survey is that significant percentage of people above the age of 20 gave clear indication that their buying decision is swayed by the visual and textual content of the advertisements. The company too, needs to target people above the age of 20 years to market its products. The beer and ale are popular amongst the youth and Arran must target this group primarily because they are open to new ideas and products. By targeting this segment, Arran can strengthen its market position. Another major target markets are the retailers and hotel industry. While retail market would need ales and beers in the bottles, the hotel industry can also have it in cask format. The advertisements should be versatile in their approach to attract clientele from diverse segment of the market. Consumer psychology and analysis of database of customers are important part of market strategy which helps one to know the changing preferences of the customers in the rapidly changing times. Prices may not be very important part of the strategy with the old customers but competitive pricing helps to bring in new clients. Whenever new products are to be launched, it is important that trend in the customers’ needs and requirements are studied in advance so that appropriate strategy could be developed. While the growth and the future prospects of the business depend on the input data as they are able to divulge vital information about the products and the customers, strategic marketing through widespread appealing advertisement is a vital factor that helps to bring in new clientele. Arran Breweries was conceptualized by Richard and

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Management - Essay Example . In order to shape employee behavior, a manager should â€Å"encourage self-regulation of behavior† and motivate them. This approach is based on motivation which ‘foster an intrinsic desire on the part of employees to follow organizational rules, and inspire outweighs the influence of command-and-control mechanisms† (Blader and Tyler 2006). Employee responsibilities are inseparable from organizational policies and practices. The manager can shape employees behavior using traditional insensitive and sanctions. Thus, critics argue that self-regulation approach is more effective than the old one. The manager can influence employees through informal superior-subordinate interaction to communicate employees rights and responsibilities. Suggested also is the need for interaction may be endangered by the growth of communication technology. Behavior modeling is needed for communicating shared values. Employees absorb, analyze, and then digest the behavior of managers towa rd them (Drory and Zaidman 2007). It should be noted that an organization's policies and practices may encourage or discourage responsible behavior among employees by the moral messages they convey. As a result, one would expect the way workers approach their responsibilities to be compatible with the organization's moral (and behavioral) environment. 2. Attitudes are learned throughout life and are embodied within socialization process.

Geophysical Methods Used In Groundwater Exploration

Geophysical Methods Used In Groundwater Exploration The role of geophysical methods in Groundwater Exploration is imperative. Its chief aim is to understand the hidden subsurface hydrogeological setting correctly and effectively. As the base of any geophysical methods is the contrast between the physical properties such as the features, objects, and layers and the surroundings. Parker et al, (2009) indicated that object are only confirmed when the contrast is sufficiently large enough to change the geophysical signal depicting the anomaly as an alien feature of the subsurface i.e., different physical and/or chemical properties than the surroundings in which it is located. They also indicated that geophysical method does not only characterise the subsurface but also spot inhomogeneous features or target that are not characteristics of the surrounding host material in water, water-covered, soil or sediments. Thus the better the contrast or anomaly, the better would be geophysical response and hence the identification. So, the efficiency of any geophysical techniques lies in its ability to sense and resolve the hidden subsurface hydrogeological heterogeneities or disparity. For groundwater exploration a cautious appliance or combination of techniques is most vital to become successful in exploration, technologically as well as cost-effectively. It is undeniably conceptualized that groundwater cannot be detected directly by any one of the geophysical methods and therefore the interpretation is appropriate and a broad understanding of the subsurface hydrogeological condition or setting is a must. Hubbard S.S et al., (2000), Ugur Yaramanci et al., (2002) and Ramke L. Van Dam (2010) emphasizes the use of two or more complementary geophysical methods to enhance data interpretation. With multiple collocations of geophysical data available, excellent results will be produced with significantly better interpretations than when with a single method. Conventional geophysical methods have often been used to map the geometry of aquifers such as seismic, electrical and electromagnetic methods (Wattanasen et al (2008)). These methods have been used to determined and estimate locations, transmission properties, storage and the aquifer materials despite the ambiguity of the interpreted results due to limitation in each method and the site dependence. But with the improvements in instruments, the development of better methods as resulted in a widening of its applications. Surface Electrical Resistivity The primary purpose of resistivity method is to determine the subsurface resistivity distributions by making measurements on the ground surface. There by measuring the potential difference on the surface due to the current flow within the ground. From this measurement the true resistivity of the subsurface can be estimated. The mechanism responsible for the fluid flow and electric current and conduction in porous media according to P.M Soupious et al., 2007, are generally governed by the same physical parameters and lithological attributes, thus the hydraulic and electric conductivities are dependents on each other, while H.S. Salem et al., 1999, indicated that electric-current conduction is affected by various mechanisms in a saturated systems and can be represented by a two-phase model (grain-matrix conductance) known as dispersed phase, and pore-fluid conductance also known as continuous phase. The two-phase model can further be developed into a five-phase model, consisting of sur face conductance occurring at the charged fluid-solid interface, ion-exchange conductance, Maxwellian-effects conductance of both solids in the matrix and those suspended in the pore fluid, grain-matrix conductance and pore fluid conductance. The electrical conduction in the subsurface is mainly electrolytic because most minerals grains are insulators, therefore, the conduction of electricity is through the interstitial water/ or fluids in the pores and fissures. These pore space and fissure of rocks are filled by groundwater which is a natural electrolyte. The factors responsible for the flow and conduction of electrical resistivity in soil and rocks are extremely variable and can vary by several orders of magnitude. These factors according to Loke, 1999 are porosity, degree of water saturation and concentration of dissolved solids, O.A.L. de Lima et al., 2000; tortuosity and porosity, P.M Soupious et al., 2007; lithology, mineralogy, size, shape, packing and orientation of mineral grains, shape and geometry of pores and pore channels, permeability, compaction, magnitude of porosity, consolidation and cementation and depth and water distribution. The resistivity of sedimentary rocks, which are usually more porous, with high water content is highly variable with low resistivity and depends on its formation factor. Formation factor is a very powerful tool in resistivity surveys as it allows pore fluid resistivity to be calculated directly from bulk earth resistivity measurements. This relationship can also be used to convert earth resistivity contours in to fluid conductivity or TDS contours. Bulk resistivity of the ground is measured from direct current resistivity and it obeys an empirical law within an aquifer. This was first proposed by Archie (1942) and the relationship may be expressed as: à Ã‚  = a à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢- m S- n à Ã‚ f Where à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ is the porosity of the rock formation, S is the degree of saturation, a, m, and n are constants that depend upon the formation, à Ã‚ f is the resistivity of pore fluid. Archies Law shows that bulk resistivity à Ã‚  of fully saturated formation of a granular medium containing no clay depends significantly on the resistivity of the pore fluid à Ã‚ f. This is mainly as a result of the resistivity of the fluid much lower than that of the solid grains in the matrix. Given that, matrix conduction is negligible and the electric current passes almost entirely through the fluid phase, thus making resistivity methods much more important for hydrological studies. (S.R Wilson et al., 2006). Archies law can thus be expressed as: à Ã‚  = a à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢- m à Ã‚ f, assuming that at saturation, S is1. where à Ã‚  is the bulk resistivity, à Ã‚ f is the fluid resistivity, à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ is the porosity of the medium, m is known as the cementation factor and a, the tortuosity factor, cementation intercept, lithology factor or lithology coefficients is associated with the medium and its value in many cases departs from the commonly assumed value of one. It is meant to correct for variation in compaction, pore structure and grain size. According to H.S. Salem 1999, the cementation factor of Archie;s equation has specific effects on electric conduction processes in porous media and exhibits extensive disparities from sample to sample, formation to formation, interval to interval in the same medium and from medium to medium. Because of its dependence on various properties, m has been referred to as cementation factor, shape factor, conductivity factor, porosity exponent, resistivity factor, and cementation exponent. The dependence of m on the degree of cementation is not as strong as its dependence on the grain and pore properties (shape and type of grains, and shape and size of pores and pore throats). Therefore it is more appropriate to describe m as shape factor instead of cementation factor. Resstivity survey has been used for a number of geological purposes. S. Srinivas Gowd, 2004, J.O. Oseji, 2006, A.G. Batte et al., 2010, used surface electrical resistivity surveys to delineate groundwater potentials, A. Samouelian et al.,2005, used electrical resistivity survey in soil, S.R. Wilson et al., for saline interface definition, M. Arshad et al., 2006, for lithology and groundwater quality determination, A. Turesson, 2006, for water content and porosity estimations. S.R Wilson, et al, (2006) applied earth resistivity methods in defining saline interface in Te Horo on the Kapiti Coast in New Zealand. They used vertical electric sounding (VES) and direct current resistivity traversing which has been mostly successful in defining subsurface areas of higher salinity by providing a two-dimensional image of the bulk resistivity structure. A VES technique has been used most frequently to locate the extent of saline interface using the Schlumberger array geometry. It shows variation in bulk resistivity with distance from the coast and this could be related to the degree of saline mixing but fails to give in depth picture of both the location or structure of the saline interface. However, with the location of the estimated saline interface known, resistivity traversing can be used to improve its location and shape. They result clearly show the potential of resistivity traversing in mapping and in understanding the structure and progression of saline interface in coastal aquifers. Even though VES data may resolve one-dimensional resistivity structure beneath a sounding location, any two- dimensional interpretation of the data requires interpolation between discrete measurements. In contrast, resistivity traversing data provide continuous two-dimensional image of both lateral and vertical variations in resistivity. The important contrast in the electrical resistivity of saline and fresh water allows direct imaging of a sharp saline interface. However, they used formation factor to interpret resistivity data from a much wider area. The formation factor for an aquifer is defined from Archies Law with an assumption that at saturation S is 1, as F =p/pf=aà Ã¢â‚¬ ¢-m Sharma et al (2005), carried out an integrated electrical and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic surveys to delineate groundwater- bearing zones in hard rock areas of Purulia districts, west Bangal, in India for the construction of deep tube-wells for large amounts of water. The location of potential fractures zones in hard rock areas to yield large amounts of groundwater is very difficult and therefore cannot be easily done using one approach. Hence groundwater potential of any location in hard rock areas requires several approaches, geophysical as well as hydrogeological techniques to increase groundwater yield. Electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods have been extensively used in the search for groundwater as a result of good correlation between electrical properties, fluid content and geology. Groundwater in hard rock areas is normally found in cracks and fractures and therefore the yield depends on the interconnectivity and size of the fractures. The combined use of DC resistivity soundings, SP measurement, Wenner profiling and VLF electromagnetic were used to map the fractures in hard rock areas. VES method was used to determined resistivity variations with depth but cannot be performed everywhere without the priori information. The VLF was successful in mapping resistivity contrast in boundaries of fractures with high degrees of connectivity and also as a result of their high resistivity they have been proved to yield a higher depth of penetration in hard rock areas. Additionally, VLF data is useful in determining suitable strike direction to perform resistivity sounding i.e. parallel to strike and thus improving the chances of success. Resistivity profiling and SP measurement also give important information about the presence of a conductivity fracture and groundwater movement. They concluded that VLF measurement only give indications of the presence of conductive zone but cannot differentiate between deep and shallow sources. Hence, it is essential to follow the location of these VLF anomalies with a technique that investigate the depth of these conductive sources. Consequently, the Schlumberger sounding technique was proved to be effective in determining resistivity variation with depth. A review on the use of electrical resistivity survey as applied to soil was carried out by Samoulian et al, (2005) to re-examine the basic concept of the method and the different types of arrays devices used (one-, two- and three-dimensional arrays), the sensitivity of electrical measurements to soil properties which includes the degree of water saturation i.e. water content, arrangement of voids such as porosity and pore size distribution connectivity and the nature of the solid constituents such as particle size distribution and mineralogy and the main advantages and limitations of the method. They review indicated that electrical resistivity is non-destructive and can make available continuous measurements over a large scope of areas as compared to the conventional soil science measurements and observation which disturb the soil by random and or regular drilling and sampling. As a result of these temporal variables such as water and plant nutriment, depending on the internal structure can be monitored and quantified without changing the soil structure. Thus the application is numerous which includes; determination of soil horizonation and specific heterogeneities, follow-up of the transport phenomena and the monitoring of solute plume contamination in a saline or waste context. However, they suggested that electrical measurements do not give straight access to soil characteristics that is of interest to the agronomist and therefore preliminary laboratory calibration and qualitative or quantitative data interpretations must be carried out in order to connect the electrical measurements with the soil characteristics and function. Direct and indirect method of groundwater investigation was carried out in southern Sweden using magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) by Wattanasen et al, (2008). The aim of the survey was to compare MRS with VES and other geophysical methods. The MRS results were consistent with VES. It is a successful tool in groundwater exploration particularly in an area of sedimentary rocks of high magnitude of earth magnetic field. A good quality data was obtained as a result of low ambience noise, low variation in the earth magnetic field and high level of MRS signal. The MRS was effective in determining the depth to water layers, water content and their thickness. It can also detect water in areas with high conductive clay layer that is close to the surface, a factor that limits the penetration depth of other geophysical methods like GPR. Hydraulic properties are essential parameters in hydrogeology for accurate modelling of groundwater flow and rate of movement of contaminant or pollution. These properties; hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient are used to describe and quantify the capacity of the materials composing aquifers and confining units to transmit and store water. The hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficients (storativity) are aquifer properties that may vary spatially because of geologic heterogeneity. Traditionally, pumping test or laboratory techniques when core samples are available have been used to determine the aquifer hydraulic parameters. These methods have been proved to be invasive and expensive and provide information only in the vicinity of the boreholes and the sample locations. The application of geophysical techniques could be seen as a means of providing important complementary information that might help to reduce the costs of hydrogeological investigations. Aristodemou et al., (1999) and Soupious et al., (2007) also applied surface geophysical techniques to determine the hydraulic conductivity values using both Kozeny-Carman-Bear equation and the Worthington equation. According to Worthington equation: Fa=Fi .(1 + BQvà Ã‚ w)- 1 (1) where, Fa is the apparent formation factor, Fi is the intrinsic formation factor and the BQv term is related to the effects of surface conductance, mainly due to clay particles. In case surface conductance effects are non-existent, the apparent formation factor becomes equal to the intrinsic one. Thus, 1/Fa= 1/Fi +( BQv/Fi)à Ã‚ w (2) Where 1/Fa, is the intercept of the straight line and BQv/Fi represents gradient. Thus, by plotting 1/Fa versus fluid resistivity à Ã‚ w, we should in principle, obtain a value for the intrinsic formation factor, which will subsequently enable us to estimate porosity from the formula à Ã‚ o = a à Ã‚ w à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢- m where à Ã‚ o is the bulk resistivity, à Ã‚ w is the fluid resistivity, à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ is the porosity of the medium and m is the cementation factor, although it is also interpreted as grain-shape or pore-shape factor; the coefficient of a is associated with the medium and its value in many cases departs from the commonly assumed value of one. The apparent formation factor Fa =à Ã‚ o/à Ã‚ w, where à Ã‚ o is the bulk resistivity obtained from the resistivity inversion and à Ã‚ w is the fluid electrical resistivity obtained from the borehole. These porosities were subsequently used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity through the Kozeny-Carman-Bear equation. K = ( ÃŽÂ ´wg / ÃŽÂ ¼) . (d2 /180) . [ (à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢3 / (1 à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢2 ) ] Where d is the grain size, ÃŽÂ ´w is the fluid density, and ÃŽÂ ¼ is the dynamic viscosity. Andreas Hordt et al., (2006) and Andrew Binley et al., (2005) used spectra induced polarization to determine the hydraulic conductivity. There work was focussed on laboratory experiments in order to establish a semi- empirical relationship between complex electrical resistivity and hydraulic parameters and then applied the field technique to evaluate the feasibility of the method. Thus the hydraulic conductivity, k was then calculated from the Kozeny- Carman equation based on formation factor and inner surface area. K = 1/ F(Spor)c, The exponent c is an adjustable parameter. Complex electrical conductivity was used as a convenient means of hydrogeological applications; à Ã†â€™ = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ à Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡eià Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ = à Ã†â€™ + ià Ã†â€™ Where à Ã†â€™ and à Ã†â€™ denote real and imaginary part, and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ and à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ denote magnitude and phase, of the conductivity à Ã†â€™. Formation factor was calculated from the equation: F = à Ã†â€™ w/ Re(à Ã†â€™) Im (à Ã†â€™)/l where à Ã†â€™w is the pore fluid conductivity. The factor l is the ratio between imaginary and real part of the surface conductivity. The pore space- internal surface area, Spor is an empirically derived equation from laboratory. Anita Turesson (2006), applied ground- penetrating radar and resistivity independently to evaluate their capability to assess water content and porosity for saturated zone in a sandy section, since dielectric and the resistivity of rocks and sediments are very much dependent on moisture content. Archies empirical formula was used in the resistivity method to determine the relationship between resistivity and porosity (Andrew Binley et al., 2005) in the sedimentary clay free rocks based on the formation factor, which is the ratio of resistivity of the porous media to that of the pore fluid. The results obtained shows good agreement between the two methods in the saturated zone and they use of the independent methods greatly strengthen the results. Another subsurface geophysical techniques is the Induced Polarization (IP) technique which over the past years has been used successfully for mineral exploration by providing in situ information about rock mineralogy mainly disseminated ores and mineral discrimination. More recently the method has been applied in the field of environment and engineering studies to materials which do not contain conductive minerals but rather clay minerals for the mapping of polluted land areas, movement of contaminants and grain size distribution parameters in unconsolidated sediments (E. Aristodemou et al.,(2000); Andreas Hordt et al., 2006, 2007)). In theory, induced polarization is a dimensionless quantity whereas in practice it is  measured as a change in voltage with time or frequency. The time and frequency IP  methods are fundamentally similar, however, they differ in a way of considering and  measuring electrical waveforms. In the former, a direct current is applied into the  ground, and what is recorded is the decay of voltage between two potential electrodes  after the cut off of the current (time-domain method). In the latter, the variation  of apparent resistivity of the ground with the frequency of the applied current is  determined (frequency-domain method). In another type of frequency method, which is called Complex Resistivity (CR) method, a current at frequency range (0.001 Hz to 10 kHz) is injected in the ground and the amplitude of voltage as well as its phase with respect to the current is measured. That is a phase-angle IP measurement. Various studies have been carried out most recently to establish an empirical relationship between hydraulic properties and induced polarisation measurements, though only limited number of studies exists so far at a field scale. The reason for this is that hydraulic properties depend on both porosity and geometry of the pore space. Induced polarisation (IP), is the only geophysical methods that depends on surface characterisation and has been used in hydrology as the possible link to hydraulic properties. (Binley et al., (2005)). Semi-emperical relationships between IP and hydraulic properties have been extensively investigated. Andreas Hordt et al., (2007), estimated hydraulic conductivity from induced polarisation using multi-channel surface IP measurement over a sand/gravel aquifer at Krauthausen. Despite carrying out measurement over a broad frequency range called spectra IP, the hydraulic conductivity analysis was restricted to single frequency data based on the Borner model and Slater and Lesme model. They however, used two different approaches to determine the hydraulic conductivities from the IP results. The first approach is the Bà ¶rner method refered to as the constant-phase angle (CPA), where real and imaginary parts of complex electrical conductivity was sufficient to estimate the hydraulic conductivity from the Kozeny-Carman type equation; k=1/F(Spor)c, based on two parameters; the formation factor and the pore-space related internal surface area, Spor which was empirically derived from laborat ory measurements . The second approach suggested by Slater and Lesme was based on an empirical relationship between k and the imaginary part of conductivity at 1 Hz without using the real part and/or the formation factor: K=m/(b)n. This was based on the argument that hydraulic conductivity primarily depends on the specific inner surface. Andrew Binley et al. 2005, worked on the relationship between spectra induced polarisation and hydraulic properties of saturated and unsaturated sandstone. They tried to observe the spectra IP response of samples taken from the UK sandstone aquifer and compared the measured parameters with the physical and hydraulic properties. There result shows that the mean relaxation time, Æ ¬, is a more suitable measure of IP response for these sediments, with a significant inverse correlation existing between the surface area to pore volume ratio and the Æ ¬, suggesting that Æ ¬ is a measure of a characteristic hydraulic length scale. This was supported by a strong positive correlation between log K and log Æ ¬. There results revealed significant impact of saturation on the measured spectra, thus limiting the applicability of hydraulic-electric models in utilizing the SIP measurements. However, in contrast, they suggested new opportunities for development of physically b ased models linking unsaturated hydraulic characteristics with spectra IP data. The resistivity method was used to solve more problems of groundwater in the types alluvium, karstic and another hard formation aquifer as an inexpensive and useful method. Some uses of this method in groundwater are: determination of depth, thickness and boundary of an aquifer (Zohdy, 1969; and Young et al. 1998), determination of interface saline water and fresh water (El-Waheidi, 1992; Yechieli, 2000; and Choudhury et al., 2001), porosity of aquifer (Jackson et al., 1978), water content in aquifer (Kessels Induced Polarization Fundamentals The induced polarization (IP) method is an electrical geophysical technique, which measures the  slow decay of voltage in the subsurface following the cessation of an excitation current pulse. Basically, an electrical current is imparted into the subsurface, as in the electrical resistivity  method explained elsewhere in this chapter. Water in the subsurface geologic material (within  pores and fissures) allows for certain geologic material to show an effect called induced polarization  when an electrical current is applied. During the application of the electrical current, electrochemical  reactions within the subsurface material takes place and electrical energy is stored. After  the electrical current is turned off the stored electrical energy is discharged which results in a  current flow within the subsurface material. The IP instruments then measure the current flow.   Thus, in a sense, the subsurface material acts as a large electrical capacitor. The induced polarization method measures the bulk electrical characteristics of geologic units;  these characteristics are related to the mineralogy, geochemistry and grain size of the subsurface  materials through which electrical current passes. Induced polarization measurements are taken together with electrical resistivity measurements  using specialized IP instruments. Although the IP method historically has been used in mining  exploration to detect disseminated sulfide deposits, it has also been used successfully in ground  water studies to map clay and silt layers which serve as confining units separating unconsolidated  sediment aquifers. Advantages Induced polarization data can be collected during an electrical resistivity survey, providing the  proper equipment is used. The addition of IP data to a resistivity investigation improves the  resolution of the analysis of resistivity data in three ways: 1) some of the ambiguities encountered  in resolving thin stratigraphic layers while modeling electrical resistivity data can be reduced by  analysis of IP data; 2) IP data can be used to distinguish geologic layers which do not respond well  to an electrical resistivity survey; and 3) the measurement of another physical property (electrical  chargeability) can be used to enhance a hydrogeologic interpretation, such as discriminating  equally electrically conductive targets such as saline, electrolytic or metallic-ion contaminant plumes from clay layers. Limitations The induced polarization method is more susceptible to sources of cultural interference (metal  fences, pipelines, power lines, electrical machinery and so on) than the electrical resistivity method. Also, induced polarization equipment requires more power than resistivity-alone equipment   this translates into heavier and bulkier field instruments. The cost of an IP system can be  much greater than a resistivity-alone system. This, plus an added amount of complexity in the  interpretation of the IP data and the expertise needed to analyze and interpret this data may exceed  the resources of some contractors and consultants. Induced polarization fieldwork tends to be labor intensive and often requires two to three crew  members. Like electrical resistivity surveys, induced polarization surveys require a fairly large  area, far removed from power lines and grounded metallic structures such as metal fences, pipelines  and railroad tracks. Instrumentation Induced polarization instruments are similar to electrical resistivity instruments. There are two  different types of induced polarization systems. Probably the most common type of IP instrument  is the time-domain system. This instrument transmits a constant electrical current pulse during  which time the received voltage is sampled for an electrical resistivity measurement, acting like a  conventional electrical resistivity system. The electrical current is then shut off abruptly by the  system, and after a specified time delay (several milliseconds) the decaying voltage in the subsurface  is sampled at the IP receiver, averaging over one or more time windows or time gates. The  units of measurement are in millivolt-seconds per volt. The second type of IP instrument is the frequency-domain system. In this type of system,  transmitted current is sinusoidal at a specified frequency. Since the system is always on, only an  electrical resistivity measurement can be collected at a particular frequency. To collect induced  polarization data, two frequencies are used, and a percent change is apparent electrical resistivity  from measurements collected at the two frequencies is calculated. This number is called the  percent frequency effect or PFE, and the units are dimensionless in percent. Two frequencies  commonly used are 0.3 and 3.0 Hertz, representing low and high frequency responses, respectively. Other types of Induced polarization may be encountered, although not commonly in environmental  applications. These include spectral induced polarization, complex resistivity, and phase  systems. A detailed description of these systems is beyond the scope of this chapter and the reader  is advised to consult the literature for an extensive discussion of these systems. Electrical resistivity surveying is an active geophysical technique that involves applying an electrical current to the earth and measuring the subsequent electrical response at the ground surface in order to determine physical properties of subsurface materials. The general principle of resistivity testing is that dissimilar subsurface materials can be identified by the differences in their respective electrical potentials. Differences in electrical potentials of materials are determined by the application of a known amount of electric current to these materials and the measurement of the induced voltage potentials. Ohms law states that the voltage (V) of an electric circuit is equal to the electric current (I) times the resistivity (R) of the medium (V-IR). Resistivity surveys are conducted by: 1) applying a known amount of electric current (I) to the earth; 2) measuring the induced voltage (V) ; and, using these two measurements, 3) determining the resistivity (R) of the volume of earth being surveyed. Resistivity methods usually require that both current inducing and measurement electrodes to be pushed or driven into the ground. With connecting wires from the instruments to the electrodes, electrical current is introduced into the ground using the current electrodes and resistivity measurements are performed using different measurement electrode configurations and spacings. There are a number of standardized testing procedures, some of which are described in detail in this section. Resistivity surveys identify geoelectric layers rather than geologic ones. A geoelectric layer is a layer that exhibits a similar electric resistivity response. A geoelectric layer can, but does not always, correspond to a geologic one. For example, an isotropic homogeneous sand, which is saturated with a fluid exhibiting a single conductivity response, will appear to be a single geoelectric layer. The same sand, if filled with fluid layers containing different conductivities, (i.e., salinities) will appear to be more than one geoelectric layer. The interpretation of resistivity data is therefore best made in conjunction with other geophysical techniques (i.e., seismic refraction) or conventional subsurface investigations (i.e., soil borings Historically, it was the use of galvanic measurement systems that gave rise to the IP method which  demonstrated its high efficiency in resistivity surveys for mineral prospecting and structural applications. Induced polarization is a complex phenomenon controlled by many  physical and physicochemical reactions associated with passage  of current through rocks. The Induced Polarization method of geophysical exploration is something of a rarity. It is the only new geophysical method to come into use in over fift

Curfews, And Other Limits Essay -- essays research papers

Curfews, and Other Limits Many Parents set up rules, and other boundaries in which their teens must follow. These rules are usually placed over their teens to control, protect, and teach their teen. Even though most parents mean well, and some rules are necessary it's easy to overwhelm teens with regulations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all teens are not going to follow all of the rules, and secondly there are some things that certain teens will not do with, or without a specific rule on that subject. For example, there are many teens who would never use drugs, but by placing a rule on this, the teen might not feel trust worthy, and might be more likely to try drugs. This is not always the case though, some teens need every rule stated, or they might test your patients. Parents should remember that they know heir teenager best, and they need to set rules according to their own teen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drugs and other illegal things are often a problem with certain teens, but some teens will never try drugs. Teenagers will turn to drugs for answers to problems. To avoid having problems with your teen, spend time with them and talk to them. In dealing with a teen who has taken illegal drugs, you as a parent need to try to understand why you teen has committed the crime. Only when you understand the child, then you can give the appropriate punishment. Another important factor in discipline is to make sure that the teen understands why what they have do...

Easycar Swot Essay

EasyCar is one of the companies under the easyGroup brand name created by Stelios Haji-Ioannou. It is the fastest growing car rental company in Europe because it offers value for money. This is achieved by simplifying the car, and passing on the benefits to the customer in the form of a lower price. This low cost car rental idea is not for every consumer. Since the market is segmented into business and leisure travelers easyCar tries to focus all of its efforts to the price sensitive leisure segment. It has taken them two years for easyCar to break even, and Stelios intends to quadruple its sales in the next two years. Swot Analysis: Strengths: Leverage on established brand reputation of easyJet (by easyGroup): EasyCar is a member of the easyGroup brand which first developed the easyJet air carrier. The other companies under the easyGroup umbrella mimic the low cost, no frills business strategy. This business model has been quite successful in the rental car industry, has a presence in the internet cafà © industry, and easyCinema is expected to be launched soon. Competency of Stellos: Stelios Haji-Ioannou is an entrepreneur who founded easyJet, and has been expanding the easyGroup brand. Stelios is described as a flamboyant entrepreneur who has been aggressive in expanding his brand into many different industries that fit his low cost, no frills business model. Stellos’ excellence is a direct reason of how easyJet broke even after two years of operations. No agent (disintermediation): EasyCar has been able to maximize the amount of revenue they receive because they deal with the majority of the bookings themselves. For other rental car companies ninety percent of their bookings are made by agents (intermediaries), and these agents require a portion of their sales. EasyCar manages 100% of its rentals so it is able to gain the maximum amount of revenue. 90% utilization of assets: There are three main strategies that easyCar utilizes to gain the highest utilization rate out of the major car rental companies. Firstly, their information system evaluates projected demand, and expected utilization quite accurately, and adjusts price accordingly. Secondly, they only offer one car type on each lot. The customers know that and they will automatically be matched to any car in the fleet. This removes the risk of decreased utilization as a result of customer picking certain cars over others. Finally, they offer demand based pricing. This ensures that for any given demand the maximum number of cars are rented out. Weaknesses: Only one type of car: Having one type of car can also be seen as a negative to customers because it offers them no choice. If customers value selection and quality over price then they will not rent from easyCar. Process of car picking up is time consuming for customers, given the low staffing levels: When a customer wants to pick up a car they usually have to wait between a half hour and an hour at the lot to finally pick up their car. This inhibits the company’s ability to sell more in a day, and the customers become dissatisfied from waiting. Public relations issues regarding its policies: The Office of Fair Trading has passed legislation stating that easyCar has to grant customers seven days form the time they made a booking to cancel it and receive a full refund. The company is scared that this process will inhibit their plans for a 2004 IPO. They have also received bad press from their clean car policy. The company requires the car to be fully cleaned when returned, and it’s very strict regarding this policy. They have received some bad press, but 85% of their fleet are returned with an acceptable amount of cleanliness. Finally, there are many additional charges that are explained in the fine print. When easyCar first opened they received a lot of bad press because they didn’t explain their costs clearly. Recently they have been trying to make their charges more transparent to the customer. Opportunities: Expand into other European markets: Experts of the car rental industry feel that Europe is â€Å"ripe for consolidation.† This is significant since it will allow easyCar to work together in different countries across Europe and further strengthen its brand. Broaden the fleet size to offer customers more choices: To further expand easyCars market share they could offer more selection. Customers value choice, but this is only realistically possible if the prices remain low. Further develop the one hour car rental service provider: To compete with local transportation like buses and cabs they can target citizens of each city who only want to rent a car for an hour or a short amount of time to complete less time consuming tasks. Threats: Legal Challenges: If the company is unable to amend the seven day full refund law than there could be serious consequences. The utilization rate would be expected to fall from 90% to 65%, and it could also delay their expected 2004 IPO. There is also legal criticism with the posting of peoples faces on the website who have overdue cars. Competition: There are several internationally recognized car rental companies, and domestic companies that easyCar competes with. For example, domestic or national companies usually account for 50% of their country’s sales. New low cost companies are going to be popping up since they have seen the success of easyCar, thus easyCar needs to widen its gap between its competitors.

All About the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution

All About the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution The Eighth Amendment reads:   Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Why Bail is Crucial Defendants who are not released on bail have greater difficulty preparing their defenses. Theyre effectively punished with imprisonment until their time of trial. Decisions regarding bail should not be made lightly. Bail is set extremely high or sometimes denied entirely when a defendant is charged with an extremely serious offense and/or if he poses a flight risk or great potential danger to the community. But in the majority of criminal trials, bail should be available and affordable. Its All About the Benjamins Civil libertarians tend to overlook fines, but the matter is not insignificant in a capitalist system. By their very nature, fines are anti-egalitarian. A $25,000 fine levied against an extremely wealthy defendant might only impact his discretionary income. A $25,000 fine levied against a less wealthy defendant can potentially have a long-term effect on basic medical care, educational opportunities, transportation and food security. Most convicts are poor so the issue of excessive fines is central to our criminal justice system. Cruel and Unusual The most frequently cited part of the Eighth Amendment deals with its prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, but what does this mean in practical terms?   Dont ask the founding fathers:  The Crimes Act of 1790 mandates the death penalty for treason and it also mandates mutilation of the corpse. By contemporary standards, corpse mutilation would certainly be regarded as cruel and unusual. Floggings were also common at the time of the Bill of Rights, but today floggings would be regarded as cruel and unusual. The Eighth Amendment is more clearly affected by societal change than any other amendment in the Constitution because the very nature of the phrase cruel and unusual appeals to evolving societal standards.Torture and prison conditions: The Eighth Amendment certainly prohibits the torture of U.S. citizens in a contemporary context although torture is generally used as an interrogation method, not as an official form of punishment. Inhumane prison conditions also violate the Eighth Amendment even though they dont constitute part of the official sentence. In other words, the Eighth Amendment refers to de facto punishments whether the y are officially handed down as punishments or not. The death penalty: The U.S. Supreme Court found that the death penalty, which was applied capriciously and on a racially discriminatory basis, violated the Eighth Amendment in Furman v. Georgia in 1972. These death penalties are cruel and unusual, Justice Potter Stewart wrote in the majority opinion, in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual. The death penalty was reinstated in 1976 after serious revisions were made.Specific methods of execution prohibited:  The death penalty is legal, but not all methods of enforcing it are. Some, such as crucifixion and death by stoning, are obviously unconstitutional. Others, such as the gas chamber, have been declared unconstitutional by courts. And still others, such as hanging and death by a firing squad, have not been regarded as unconstitutional but are no longer in common use.The lethal injection controversy: The State of Florida declared a moratorium on lethal injection and a de facto moratorium on the death pena lty as a whole after reports that Angel Diaz was essentially tortured to death during a botched execution. Lethal injection in humans is not simply a matter of putting the defendant to sleep. It involves three drugs. The strong sedative effect of the first is intended to prevent the excruciating effects of the latter two.

Marketing_B2B_vs_B2C Write a 700 -1050 word paper (18 points) that explains how marketing differs for a B2C site compared to a B2B site. Give Specifics. Two references are required.

Marketing_B2B_vs_B2C Write a 700 -1050 word paper (18 points) that explains how marketing differs for a B2C site compared to a B2B site. Give Specifics. Two references are required. Marketing: B2B vs. B2C PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1Running head: MARKETING: B2B VS. B2CMarketing: B2B vs. B2CAl RuizUniversity of PhoenixMarketing: B2B vs. B2CBusiness-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing is similar but different. Even though both businesses operate in the same environment, the differences in the marketing message can be very different. This paper will analyze the marketing differences and any similarities that exist between the B2B and B2C entities.Marketing ProgramsMarketing programs tend to be the same for a B2B and a B2C. Marketing tools such as direct marketing, advertising, internet marketing, public relations, and alliances are the same for both types of businesses. The big difference between the marketing of a B2B compared to a B2C comes down to how these marketing tools are used, what they say, how they are conducted and what the outcome of the marketing effort is.English: A business ideally is continually seeking...The first step in marketin g for a B2B and to a B2C is the same. This task is to identify the target audience and determine what they need to hear from the company. Once this is determined, the B2B and B2C marketing programs diverge. (Murphy, 2002)B2B Marketing PlanThe B2B marketing plan normally tries to convert potential prospects into actual customers. This marketing campaign tends to be a long and very involved process. The B2B will focus on building a solid relationship with leads of the prospective business that can eventually be converted into a customer and an actual sale. The B2B marketing programs attempt to educate many different groups in the target audience since in a B2B the decision to purchase products normally involves many individuals from a company. As an example, in an email campaign the object is to have prospects go to the B2B's website to...

Nanook of the North (YouTube) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nanook of the North (YouTube) - Essay Example Modern weapons were also absent due to the use of traditional homemade weapons like the harpoon and knives. The images of the movie also illustrate the pre-industrial period. The movie uses white and black image visualizations to indicate the colonial period before the industrialization took place. The movie is shot in a remote place where there is barely any modern development but only the presence of natural environment (All Classic Video 1922). The movie portrays empathy in the way the Inuits used live for example through the building of Igloos’ during the harsh winter period. Some problems can be noted from the movie. There is some lack of realism in the movie like during the killing and pulling of  a seal from a 10 to 12 feet hole. We cannot see how the seal was killed and how it was pulled from underwater which clearly indicates that it was killed by a gun and pulled using a modernized tool which was hidden during the cast (All Classic Video 1922). In the social context, it can be noted that almost everything the Inuit’s used came from animals: the food, clothing, tools and

Marketing professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing professional - Essay Example The revenue base of the industry has increased at a constant rate of 3.5% and only decreased in 2008-2009 after the business donors cut-back. NFP organisations offer a wide array of services including operating hospitals, schools, and churches, as well as participating in community causes and fundraising events. The products offered a range from a sausage snack to Doctor of Philosophy degree. The prominent factor leading to the growth of NFP in Australia is the government support. This occurs in the form of direct funding, indirect funding e.g. concessions, and providence of a regulatory environment. The government offers financial services to these organisations as recognition for the value of their services in upholding the community welfare. Commercial enterprises have also contributed in the growth of NFPs through philanthropy support. Competition for government contracts and members services has enabled the NFPs to adopt efficient and superior strategies necessary for improvemen t of their competitive orientation. The NFPs associate with commercial entities on many occasions to improve social outcomes of some of their activities. The services offered by NFPs are superior to the ones offered by profit organisations in terms of the fields in which they operate and the basic character. They offer services of higher quality compared to commercial enterprises because they are non-profit oriented. NFP organisations competition with commercial enterprises in Australian is high. Amid this, they command wider acceptability among the society as people oppose the idea of commercialising community services. NFP organisations are inclined to serve people with the greatest need, thus, ensuring equity. Lack of extra charges for their services as required for profit generation makes their services cheaper than those of the commercial organisations. This attracts clientele as well as broadening the customer base leading to widening of service providence. Their focus on one community or group of people at a time cultivates loyalty and attracts preference among the service recipients. NFP organisations have rapidly expanded due to their characteristic property of potential flexibility and adaptability as they are not profit-oriented. This implies that they are capable of taking risks related to the creation of new business opportunities. NFP organisations have widely been accepted in Australia because of their advocacy role. They push for societal advancement as well as the change in government role as they are not market beholden. They are better placed to act as pioneers in various fields through identifying and solve the unaddressed societal problems (Salamon, Hems and Chinnock, 2000). NFP organisations serve as vehicles through which individuals and groups can express their opinions on various issues. This contributes into community building and democratisation through encouraging social interaction that creates the attitudes of trust and reciprocit y. Organisational growth has also been realised by the ability of these organisations to overcome the constraints related to their daily operations. Regulatory constraints are minimised through transforming their legal structures and processes to conform in line with the Australian federal requirements. Their growth has also been sustained through formulation of strategies necessary for overcoming

News Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

News Story - Essay Example This was a story about a 5k run that has been organized to raise money for a boy who was severely burned in a car crash that killed two other local teenagers. It showed the organizer, a boy himself, speaking several times, the parents crying, and people running a race. Next, a brief story about an attempted kidnapping of an 11-year-old boy. This was a very brief segment with not many details. Next were short updates about Jaycee Dugard; a short segment on the Gulf oil spill, as there has been a new cap put into place; tropical storm Earl; a security breach at LAX; a guy who was killed in a robbery after winning big at a casino; and the fact that Craigs List is removing its â€Å"adult services† section. Then came by far the longest story – about buying meat for Labor Day picnics. This talked to two or three different shoppers, and a butcher who came on several different times throughout the segment to state about how to select cuts of meat, how to get the best price on the meat, as well as how to season and cook the meat. The story order indicates that the local weather is the most newsworthy item of the day, as this is what the newscast opened with – a forecast of Labor Day weather. Then, the brief segment about the wildfire showed that a local happening is second most newsworthy. But the news chose to highlight, with a long segment, a story about a 5k run. This was the third story that was shown, and this 5k run is part of an on-going story about three teenagers being killed that happened well over a month ago. To me, this shows the local news tendencies to milk a particular story for all its worth to keep it in the spotlight for as long as possible. The story about the three teenagers was a big deal, so the fact that the news station saw fit to run yet another story about this incident just shows that the news programs just cannot let go of a big story. In

The pie chart Essay Example for Free

The pie chart Essay This pie chart shows us the percentage of immigration from Russia between 2003-2008. From different sources of information there are five different countries which contain a large number of immigrants from Russia. Nowadays we can easily change our place for living. Somebody is searching for a highly paid job, another wants to have a luxury life, to learn foreign language or give their child good education. The main reasons why our compatriots immigrate are: In search of a new job and implementation 39% ; Refugees 22 % ; Study 20%; Married 15%; Others 4%. There are several countries whither Russian immigrants go more often. For the 2003-2008 years period the total number of immigrants was 229,579 thousand people. The first place of immigrants from Russia takes America (85.748 people) it is 37, 35%. They choose this country because salary is quite good, easy to move from one city to another and famous universities for example Massachusetts Institute of Technology or Harvard University are there. The second place takes German. 53.338 immigrants lived there. The main reason why people emigrate to this country is high-quality medicine and high standard of living. As regard to Canada, it is one of the beautiful countries which in rich in natural resources. The total number of immigrants from Russia is 20.015 it is 8,71%. As for Greece, you can see fruits which are growing on the street. Beaches, perfect weather, all what you need. The total numbers of Russian immigrants was 9940 people. The total numbers of our compatriots in Spain was 507 7 people. If you have some income, you will be able to wear clothes made ​​qualitatively and eat fresh food. The other countries are Italy, Norway, France, Great Britain and Sweden. Which consist 23%.

Characteristics of Criminal Homicides :: essays research papers

Michael Woodworth and Stephen Porter. (August 2002). In Cold Blood: Characteristics of Criminal Homicides as a Function of Psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 111, No. 3, 436-445. Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This study examined the correlation between psychopathy and the characteristics of criminal homicides committed by offenders. Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was hypothesized that the homicides committed by psychopathic offenders would be more likely to be primarily instrumental (I.e., associated with premeditation, motivated by an external goal, and not preceded by a potent affective reaction) or â€Å"cold-blooded† in nature (Pg. 436).† However, homicides committed by nonpsychopaths often would be â€Å"crimes of passion† associated with a high level of impulsivity/reactivity and emotionality. Method   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A sample of 125 Canadian offenders were selected for the study. The entire sample was examined in two different ways. First, dual coding was used on a random selection of 21 offenders. These people were asked questions and scored a number of points depending on their responses. All file information on these offenders were made available to the blind coder. Second, a set of 33 cases were randomly selected for dual coding. These cases were different because all details were not made available to the blind coder. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The results confirmed the hypothesis; â€Å"homicides committed by psychopathic offenders were more instrumental than homicides by nonpsychopaths. Almost all (93.3%) of the homicides by psychopaths were primarily instrumental in nature compared with 48.4% of the homicides by nonpsychopaths (Pg. 436).† Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authors’ conclusions from their study went to prove what they believed to be the outcome. Nothing was found to be shocking or a surprise when reviewing the end results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel the authors conclusions â€Å"hit the nail right on the head.